836 research outputs found

    Diseño de estructura de pavimento articulado y diseño geométrico vial de 1.1 km del tramo Yaúle-Yaúle abajo, ubicado en el Municipio de Matagalpa, por el método de AASHTO 93

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    Presenta el diseño geométrico vial y estructura de pavimento Articulado (Adoquinado) de 1.1 km de longitud, el cual se encuentra ubicado en la comunidad Yaúle, Municipio de Matagalpa, conteniendo los siguientes capítulos. Se abordan las generalidades del proyecto, ubicado del tramo en estudio, introducción, antecedentes, justificación sobre la importancia del diseño de 1.1 km de adoquinado y los objetivos propuestos para lograr con éxito su diseño mediante el método AASHTO 93

    Eficacia del control químico preventivo de Erwinia carotovora en maíz dulce regado por pivote

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    40 p.Con el fin de evaluar la efectividad de diferentes ingredientes activos, para el control de Erwinia carotovora en maíz, se realizó un ensayo en la localidad de San Carlos, región del Bio Bio. Los tratamientos evaluados se ordenaron en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar (DBA) con 7 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. La unidad experimental estuvo compuesta de parcelas de 5 hileras y 5 metros de largo. Las evaluaciones se realizaron siempre a las mismas plantas de la unidad experimental, efectuándose luego un análisis de varianzas a los resultados obtenidos (ANDEVA). Se incluyó un testigo absoluto y seis productos como tratamientos: 1: Hidróxido de cobre en una dosis de 1,2 kg/ha; 2: T.virens + T. harzianum + Bacillus sp. + B. subtillis en una dosis de 1,5 l/ha; 3: Dodine en una dosis de 0,8 Kg/ha; 4: Quinoxifeno en una dosis de 0,44 l/ha ; 5: Estreptomicina en una dosis de 0,48 kg/ha y 6: Sulfato de cobre más mezcla con aminoácidos (cobre, magnesio y zinc) en una dosis de 1,5 l/ha. Se realizaron tres aplicaciones foliares de los diferentes tratamientos a partir del estado fenológico de 5 hojas verdaderas y cada 10 días, también después de cada aplicación se realizó una evaluación y una final previa a cosecha del maíz. Las dosis utilizadas corresponden a las recomendadas por cada fabricante. Se evaluó la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad en las diferentes repeticiones, considerándose un número de 100 plantas por repetición. El tratamiento que contempló la aplicación de sulfato de cobre, en dosis de 1,5 l/ha, fue aquel que logró reducir en mayor medida la incidencia de la enfermedad, en comparación con el tratamiento testigo: por otra parte, los tratamientos que utilizaron a Dodine (0,8kg/ha), Sulfato de cobre (1,5 l/ha) y Quinoxifeno (0,44 l/ha), fueron aquellos que lograron reducir en mayor medida la severidad de la enfermedad sobre las plantas sintomáticas. Con estos resultados se concluye que existen diferentes alternativas para el control preventivo de E. Carotovora./ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the effectiveness of different active ingredients in the control of Erwinia carotovora in corn, a field assay was conducted in San Carlos, Bio Bio region, south central Chile. The experiment was arranged in a random block experimental design (DBA) with 7 treatments and 4 replicates. The experimental unit consisted in 5 rows of 5 meters long each one. The evaluations were made always to the same plants of the experimental unit. The results obtained were submitted to an analysis of variance (ANDEVA). The treatments included in the experiment were: 1: Copper hydroxide at a dose of 1.2 kg / ha; 2: T.virens + T. harzianum + Bacillus sp. + B. subtillis at a dose of 1.5 l / ha; 3: Dodine at a dose of 0.8 kg / ha; 4: Quinoxifene at a dose of 0.44 l / ha; 5: Streptomycin at a dose of 0.48 kg / ha and 6: A mixture of copper, magnesium, zinc and aminoacids at a dose of 1.5 l / ha. Three foliar applications of the different treatments were made from the phenological stage of 5 leaves every 10 days, In addition, before each application an evaluation was made. A final was performed at harvest . The doses used corresponded to those recommended by the manufacturer. The incidence and severity of the disease was measured in each evaluation, considering a total of 100 plants in each replicate. The treatment including copper sulphate spray, in a dose of 1.5 l / ha, resulted the best in reducing the incidence of the disease, compared to the control treatment, with no spray. On the other hand, the Dodine (0.8 kg / ha), Copper sulphate (1.5 l / ha) and Quinoxifene (0.44 l / ha) treatments, were those which reduce the severity of the disease in a greater extent on symptomatic plants. According to these results we can conclude that all these different alternatives result efficient in the preventive control of E. carotovora

    Governance for Sustainability in an Organization in Central Mexico

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    Often, the total quality has been instrumented before being weighted. The strategies even precede a diagnosis in Mexican organizations, but in an opposite sense, the present work set out to establish the reliability and validity of an instrument to measure the perception of total quality based on three indicators related to management. , production and transfer of knowledge. A nonperimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 124 administrative staff and employees from an organization in central Mexico. From a structural model ⌠X2 = 123,24 (23df) p = 0,010; GFI = 0,990; CFI =,991; IFI = 0,993; RMSEA = 0,007⌡, it was found that management affects production (0,38) and this about the total perceived quality (0,35), although there are lines of research concerning empathy, commitment, entrepreneurship, satisfaction and happiness in relation to the implementation of continuous improvements to the quality of processes and products

    Bio-Inspired Systems: Computational and Ambient Intelligence. 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009. Proceedings, Part I

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    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2009, held in Salamanca, Spain in June 2009. The 167 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from over 230 submissions. The papers are organized in thematic sections on theoretical foundations and models; learning and adaptation; self-organizing networks, methods and applications; fuzzy systems; evolutionary computation and genetic algoritms; pattern recognition; formal languages in linguistics; agents and multi-agent on intelligent systems; brain-computer interfaces (bci); multiobjetive optimization; robotics; bioinformatics; biomedical applications; ambient assisted living (aal) and ambient intelligence (ai); other applications

    SEROPREVALENCIA DE LEUCOSIS ENZOÓTICA BOVINA EN ANIMALES ENTRE 6 A 24 MESES EN LAS PROVINCIAS DE MANABÍ, PICHINCHA Y CHIMBORAZO - ECUADOR

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    La Leucosis Enzoótica Bovina (LEB o LVB) es una enfermedad vírica, manifestada por la presencia de neoplasias y también presentándose de forma asintomática en bovinos de cualquier edad. Su trascendencia socioeconómica radica en las pérdidas por disminución de la productividad lechera, pérdidas reproductivas y decomisos en camales, impidiendo también la exportación de ganado o derivados del mismo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la seroprevalencia de LEB en animales menores de dos años en las provincias de Pichincha, Manabí y Chimborazo, las cuales reportan gran producción lechera en Ecuador. Se analizaron 3 307 muestras de suero sanguíneo bovino mediante la técnica serológica ELISA indirecto, de las cuales 480 fueron de Pichincha, 2 348 de Manabí y 479 de Chimborazo. Pichincha presentó una seroprevalencia de 8.13%, con el mayor porcentaje de animales enfermos en la principal cuenca lechera del país, el cantón Mejía. En Manabí se observó 0.89% de seroprevalencia de LEB y en Chimborazo 3.13%. Utilizando chi cuadrado para determinar la relación entre las variables evaluadas y la aparición de LEB, se reveló que no existe asociación, mostrando un resultado de 105.14, 7.48, 140.91 y 38.87 frente a valores de p de 11.34 (clima), 9.21 (altitud), 18.48 (edad) y 9.21 (propósito del ganado). Sin embargo, se observó mayor tendencia a enfermar en clima templado y mayor altitud, lo que pudo explicarse por la similitud en las prácticas de manejo y la explotación tipo intensivo. Los datos obtenidos significan una línea base de estudio de la cual se puede partir para elaborar un plan de control sanitario de LEB desde edades tempranas del ganado bovino y emprender en otras investigaciones. // Enzootic Bovine Leukemia is a viral disease that can manifest itself by the presence of tumors or asymptomatically in cattle of any age category. Its socioeconomic significance lies in the decline in milk productivity, reproductive losses, forfeitures in abattoirs, and prevents the export of livestock or derivatives. The objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence of viral enzootic bovine on animals under two years of Pichincha, Manabà and Chimborazo, provinces that represent important sources of milk production. There were 3 307 samples of bovine blood serum analyzed, obtained from National sampling of Aphtose Fever organized by AGROCALIDAD. Samples were analyzed by serological technique indirect ELISA, 480 samples of Pichincha, 2 348 of Manabà and 479 Chimborazo. Pichincha province presented 8.13% seroprevalence, with the highest percentage of sick animals in Mejia, one of EcuadorÂŽs main dairy basin. It was observed 0.89% seroprevalence of Manabi and Chimborazo 3.13%. The presence of the disease was also assessed according to the variables: climate, altitude, age and purpose of cattle, using chi squared to determine the relationship between them and the appearance of BVL. The investigation showed no association, showing this result of 105.14, 7.48, 38.87, 140.91 against p values 11.34, 9.21, 18.48 and 9.21 about weather, age, altitude and purpose, respectively. A greater tendency to get sick was revealed in temperate climates and higher altitudes, which could be explained by the similarity in practices of intensive exploitation. From the data obtained, further research can be made, because it is a study base line that can lead to develop a sanitary control plan of BVL from an early age of cattle

    Prácticas utilizadas para la producción y mejora de la productividad de un módulo agroforestal

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    Objective: To evaluate the practices to agricultural production and productivity improvement. Design/methodology/approach: A comparatively analysis of practices performed by land producer in an agroforestry module was carried out. As well as the yield obtained in two-year period, both from the economic income point of view and diversification of plant species that were established. Results: The practices used in the module were: a) conservation (reduced tillage), b) vegetative (crop diversification, associated crops, intercropping and crop rotation) and c) agronomic (bottom fertilization and fertigation). During this study (2015-2018), 16 plant species were established. Yields and income from the sale of surplus production increased over time, which contributed to the food security and economy of the rural family. Limitations on study/implications: The present work, did not evaluate the biological efficiency of the crop association in the agroforestry module, which could give an additional value to this type of production versus monoculture systems. Findings/conclusions: The type of practices used in the production of food and fodder in an agroforestry module was documented. The production of crops in small areas, under the agroforestry approach, can represent a sustainable alternative of agricultural production for the arid and semi-arid regions and a mean to improve income and nutrition of the rural family.Objetivo. Determinar las prácticas utilizadas para la producción agrícola y mejora de la productividad de en un módulo agroforestal. Diseño/metodología/aproximación. Se realizó el análisis comparativo de las prácticas que el productor realiza en un módulo agroforestal, así como del rendimiento obtenido en dos años, desde el punto de vista económico y de diversificación de especies vegetales que fueron establecidas. Resultados. Las prácticas utilizadas en el módulo fueron: a) conservación (labranza reducida); b) vegetativas (diversificación de cultivos, cultivos asociados, cultivos intercalados y rotación de cultivos); y c) agronómicas (fertilización de fondo y fertigación). Durante el periodo evaluado (2015-2018) se establecieron 16 especies vegetales. Los rendimientos e ingresos por venta de excedentes de la producción se incrementaron con el tiempo. Lo cual contribuyó en la seguridad alimentaria y economía de la familia rural. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones. En el presente trabajo, la eficiencia biológica de la asociación en el módulo agroforestal no fue evaluada. Dicha eficiencia podría dar un valor adicional a este tipo de producción versus los sistemas de monocultivo. Hallazgos/conclusiones. Se documentaron el tipo de prácticas utilizadas en la producción de alimentos y forraje en un módulo agroforestal. La producción de cultivos en pequeñas superficies, bajo el enfoque agroforestal, es una alternativa sustentable de producción agrícola para las regiones áridas y semiáridas, asimismo es un medio para mejorar el ingreso y nutrición de la familia rural

    Dietary continuity and change at Panama Viejo from an interdisciplinary perspective, C. 600-1671

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    The study of food consumption during the colonial period in Panama Viejo traditionally has been based on chronicles and archival documentation. The present analysis reassesses the historical information about diet in this colonial enclave based on microbotanical, isotopic and bioanthropological evidence obtained from the excavations within and outside the remains of the old city¿s Cathedral in two locations and four chronological periods to complement and contrast written sources. The ensuing data sets, once integrated, point to the consumption of native plants, particularly maize, among people of different ancestral origins from the settlement¿s earliest years, as well as the consumption of wheat ¿ which could not be grown in the region ¿ plantains and rice, whose cultivation was introduced successfully. Stable isotope evidence indicates a shift from dietary strategies based on maize, seafood and terrestrial animal meat in pre-Hispanic and early colonial times to diets featuring more C3 plants, including rice, wheat, and plantains, as well beef and dairy products during the later colonial period. This gradual shift in dietary strategies appears among individuals of Indigenous American, African, European and mixed origins and ancestries, probably influenced by the nutritional and epidemiological stress registered in all of these populations.Universidad del Norte, ColombiaUniversidad de Antioquia, ColombiaCurt-Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, German

    Morphological, Electrical, and Chemical Characteristics of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Coated PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes after Plasma Treatment

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    A commercial ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (HFM-183 de Koch Membrane Systems) made of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), was recovered with a negatively-charged polyelectrolyte (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)) (PSS), and the effects on its electric, chemical, and morphological properties were analyzed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), liquid-liquid displacement porometry, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the modifications induced by the deposition of PSS on the PVDF positively-charged membrane and after its treatment by a radio frequency Ar-plasma. These techniques confirmed a real deposition and posterior compaction of PSS with increasing roughness and decreasing pore sizes. The evolution of the electric resistances of the membranes confirmed crosslinking and compaction with shielding of the sulfonated groups from PSS. In this way, a membrane with a negatively-charged active layer and a pore size which was 60% lower than the original membrane was obtained. The composition of the additive used by manufacturers to modify PVDF to make it positively charged was obtained by different procedures, all of which depended upon the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, leading to fairly consistent results. This polymer, carrying positive charges, contains quaternary nitrogen, as confirmed by XPS. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy confirmed that PVDF changes from mostly the β to the α phase, which is more stable as a substrate for the deposited PSS. The aim of the tested modifications was to increase the retention of divalent anions without reducing permeability.Fil: Sandoval Olvera, Ivette G.. Universidad de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: González Muñoz, Pilar. Universidad de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: Diaz, Dario Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Maroto Valiente, Ángel. Universidad de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: Ochoa, Nelio Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Carmona, Francisco J.. Universidad de Extremadura; EspañaFil: Palacio, Laura. Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Calvo, José I.. Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Hernández, Antonio. Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Ávila Rodríguez, Mario. Universidad de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: Prádanos, Pedro. Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Ciencias; Españ
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